Immunotherapy has changed contemporary oncology by significantly modifying the outcomes of patients with metastatic cancer. This review aims to highlight these little-known topics that are difficult to evaluate in ad hoc studies. For instance, the impact of these therapies on female and male fertility is not clear, similarly to the interaction that may occur between these drugs and pregnancy. Immunotherapy is already a reality in early disease settings and the scientific community is lagging in describing what to expect in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients. In particular, we evaluated what happens in young patients, a population in whom some immune-related effects are still poorly described. Most recently, the extension of indications and evidence of efficacy in early disease settings, such as the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting in breast cancer, lung cancer, glioma, and gastric cancer, places more attention on what happens to patients who survive cancer. More and more patients are long survivors from a metastatic disease. Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of treatments for advanced disease in multiple neoplasms. 7Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.6Medical Oncology Department, Ospedale Padre Antero Micone, Genoa, Italy.5Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy. 4UO Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.3Division of Breast Surgery, Ospedale Villa Scassi, Genova, Italy.2Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.1Istituto di Ricovero e Cura A Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-Oncologia Medica 2, Genova, Italy.Enrica Teresa Tanda 1,2, Elena Croce 1, Francesco Spagnolo 1, Lodovica Zullo 1, Stefano Spinaci 3, Carlo Genova 4,5 and Giovanni Rossi 6,7*
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